![]() The Hebrews used spies as well, as in the story of Rahab. Īncient Egypt had a thoroughly developed system for the acquisition of intelligence. It was a 'Textbook of Statecraft and Political Economy' that provides a detailed account of intelligence collection, processing, consumption, and covert operations, as indispensable means for maintaining and expanding the security and power of the state. Ĭhanakya (also called Kautilya) wrote his Arthashastra in India in the 4th century BC. Sun Tzu continued to influence Chinese espionage theory in the 21st century with its emphasis on using the information to design active subversion. He considered the need for systematic organization and noted the roles of counterintelligence, double agents (recruited from the ranks of enemy spies), and psychological warfare. In modern terms, they included the secret informant or agent in place, (who provides copies of enemy secrets), the penetration agent (who has access to the enemy's commanders), and the disinformation agent (who feeds a mix of true and false details to point the enemy in the wrong direction to confuse the enemy). He advised, "One who knows the enemy and knows himself will not be endangered in a hundred engagements." He stressed the need to understand yourself and your enemy for military intelligence. Sun Tzu, 4th century BC, a theorist in ancient China who influenced Asian military thinking, still has an audience in the 21st century for the Art of War. Early history A bamboo version of The Art of War, written by Sun Tzu in ancient China explores espionage tactics.Įfforts to use espionage for military advantage are well documented throughout history. Special attention has been paid to World War II, as well as the Cold War era (1947–1989) that was a favorite for novelists and filmmakers. In the 1980s scholars characterized foreign intelligence as "the missing dimension" of historical scholarship." Since then a largely popular and scholarly literature has emerged. ![]() If you’re being investigated or have already been arrested, it’s important to have legal guidance to protect your rights.Spying, as well as other intelligence assessment, has existed since ancient history. However, those who participated in espionage can find themselves facing criminal penalties, including prison time. The penalties for industrial espionage can run into many millions of dollars for a company. If a company is willing to steal them, they can save time and money – until they’re caught. The valuable information often involves manufacturing processes, techniques, chemical formulas, and ideas. However, it’s most common in those where research and development (R&D) is a key component of their work. Industrial espionage can occur in any industry. They may not even know what happened until it’s too late. Some companies have lax cybersecurity measures that make an infiltration of their systems easy for those who know what they’re doing. ![]() They can obtain a wealth of information without getting anywhere near the company – sometimes not even in the same country. However, the rise of the internet has made it possible for those who are intent on industrial espionage to hack into systems and/or install spyware to gain what they want. How the internet changed industrial espionage In some instances, people might actually break into a facility to copy or steal documents. Sometimes a company might bribe or blackmail someone in a company to give up secrets. It’s also sometimes referred to as economic espionage or corporate spying.ĭecades ago, industrial espionage was often carried out by someone infiltrating a company as an employee to gain access to its proprietary information. However, it simply refers to the theft of a company’s intellectual property like trade secrets to gain a competitive advantage. The term “ industrial espionage” may sound like something out of a John Grisham novel. ![]()
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